Andrology

Andrology is a non-surgical branch of medicine, which deals with disorders of the male reproductive system both in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

The basic causes of male infertility include congenital or acquired defects of the sexual organ (anorchism, monorchism, hydrocele, cryptorchidism, dysgenesia, cancers, phimosis, inflammation, epispadiasis, hypospadiasis, varicocele, shortened frenulum), hormonal problems, environmental factors (radiation, irradiation, chemotherapy, pharmacology), lifestyle (alcohol, tobacco, drugs), or the psychological aspect.